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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
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Gestational microbiome: metabolic perturbations and developmental programming.

Sophia Han1, Charlotte C Ellberg1, Isoken N Olomu2

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|October 29, 2021
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Maternal microbiome alterations during pregnancy, especially with obesity and diabetes, impact offspring gut health and future well-being. Understanding these links is crucial for maternal and infant health.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Human microbiome alterations are linked to diseases like obesity and diabetes.
  • Maternal microbial dysbiosis during pregnancy is associated with these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the maternal and offspring microbiome in health and disease.
  • To explore mechanisms linking maternal microbiome alterations to offspring microbiome.
  • To highlight offspring microbiome changes and their impact on postnatal health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research.
  • Analysis of studies on maternal and offspring microbiomes.
  • Examination of proposed mechanistic links.

Main Results:

  • Discusses typical maternal and offspring microbiomes.
  • Details microbiome alterations in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and gestational diabetes mellitus.
  • Outlines proposed mechanisms of maternal-offspring microbiome transfer and influence.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal metabolic health significantly influences the developing offspring microbiome.
  • Offspring microbiome alterations are associated with postnatal health outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific mechanisms and therapeutic targets.