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γδ T Cells Differentially Regulate Bone Loss in Periodontitis Models.

O Barel1, Y Aizenbud1, Y Tabib1

  • 1Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

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|October 30, 2021
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Summary

Gamma delta T cells play a protective role in ligature-induced periodontitis but a harmful role in Porphyromonas gingivalis infection, promoting bone loss. Their absence prevented bone loss during infection.

Keywords:
Porphyromonas gingivalisinnate immunityligatureoral mucosaosteoclastsperiodontitis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oral Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are key immune cells at epithelial barriers, including the gingiva.
  • They are thought to maintain oral homeostasis but can be implicated in periodontitis development.
  • Previous studies on γδ T cells in periodontitis yielded conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific role of γδ T cells in periodontitis using temporal ablation.
  • To differentiate the function of γδ T cells in ligature-induced vs. pathogen-induced periodontitis models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Tcrd-GDL mice for temporal ablation of γδ T cells.
  • Examined two models: ligature-induced periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis oral infection.
  • Assessed immune cell recruitment, osteoclastogenesis, and alveolar bone loss.

Main Results:

  • γδ T cell ablation had no effect on ligature-induced periodontitis.
  • In P. gingivalis infection, γδ T cell absence prevented alveolar bone loss.
  • γδ T cells mediated neutrophil and monocyte recruitment and osteoclastogenesis during infection.

Conclusions:

  • γδ T cells are dispensable in ligature-induced periodontitis.
  • γδ T cells play a detrimental role in P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis by promoting bone destruction.
  • This highlights the complex immunopathology of periodontal bone loss.