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Related Concept Videos

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Integrins regulate stemness in solid tumor: an emerging therapeutic target.

Jiangling Xiong1,2, Lianlian Yan1,2, Cheng Zou1,2

  • 1School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China.

Journal of Hematology & Oncology
|October 30, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrins, cell adhesion molecules, play crucial roles in cancer. Understanding their signaling pathways and genetic alterations offers new therapeutic targets for cancer stem cells and drug resistance.

Keywords:
Cancer stem cellsIntegrinMetastasisSolid tumorStemnessTherapeutic targeting

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Integrins are transmembrane receptors mediating cell adhesion and intracellular signaling.
  • Integrin expression patterns influence cell behavior and are critical in cancer development.
  • Deregulation of integrins is linked to cancer progression in solid tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the integrin signalosome and its pro-oncogenic pathways.
  • To explore the genetic landscape of integrin-encoding genes in human cancers.
  • To elucidate the role of integrins in cancer stem cell function and tumor stemness.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of integrin signaling in cancer.
  • Analysis of mutational and transcriptomic data for integrin-encoding genes.
  • Focus on integrin-mediated control of cancer stemness and related processes.

Main Results:

  • Integrins activate key pro-oncogenic signaling pathways.
  • Integrin gene mutations and expression changes are prevalent across human cancers.
  • Integrins are vital for tumor initiation, metastasis, and drug resistance via stem-like functions.

Conclusions:

  • Integrins are central to the cancer stem cell niche and tumor progression.
  • Understanding the integrin signalosome aids in developing novel cancer therapies.
  • Targeting integrins may improve clinical decisions and treatment outcomes for cancer patients.