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Neural correlates of interoceptive accuracy: Beyond cardioception.

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Summary

This study reveals that the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) activity increases as interoceptive accuracy (IAc) decreases. This finding suggests IAc deficits may stem from impaired prediction error processing, impacting clinical outcomes.

Keywords:
emotionfMRIinteroceptionmedial prefrontal cortexskin conductance

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Interoceptive accuracy (IAc), assessing bodily signals, is increasingly studied, often focusing on cardiac signals and non-ecological methods.
  • The anterior insular cortex is typically identified as the primary brain region associated with IAc.
  • A gap exists in brain imaging research exploring IAc in more ecologically valid contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain regions associated with trial-by-trial variations in interoceptive accuracy using an ecological approach.
  • To explore the neural underpinnings of how individuals' precision in sensing their internal bodily state changes moment-to-moment.
  • To examine the relationship between physiological responses and subjective ratings of bodily reactions in an emotional context.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel ecological functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task where participants rated bodily reactions to emotional pictures.
  • Recorded skin conductance response (SCR) as an objective measure of physiological arousal.
  • Employed fMRI to model brain activity based on SCR, subjective ratings, and their product (proxy for IAc) on a trial-by-trial basis.

Main Results:

  • Found increased activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) correlating with decreased interoceptive accuracy.
  • Identified a general error processing mechanism within the dmPFC, not specific to interoception.
  • Demonstrated that intraindividual fluctuations in IAc are linked to dmPFC activation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the dmPFC's role in processing errors related to interoceptive accuracy variations.
  • Results support the predictive coding framework, suggesting IAc deficits may involve impaired mismatch processing between interoceptive signals and predictions.
  • Findings have clinical implications, potentially explaining IAc impairments in various conditions through a prediction error lens.