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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Published on: February 17, 2023

Degree of coronal alignment correction can't predict knee function in total knee replacement.

Shibai Zhu^1,2, Xiaotian Zhang³, Xi Chen¹

¹Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.

|October 31, 2021

Summary

This study found no significant difference in functional outcomes after total knee replacement (TKR) based on postoperative alignment. The concept of correction rate may better reflect preoperative conditions and alignment changes in TKR.

Keywords:

Correction rate Hospital for special surgery knee score Neutral alignment Total knee replacement

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Last Updated: Oct 15, 2025

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Published on: May 5, 2023

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Biomedical Engineering
Clinical Outcomes Research

Background:

The optimal coronal alignment after total knee replacement (TKR) remains debated, with controversy surrounding whether neutral alignment yields superior clinical outcomes.
Previous studies have limitations, suggesting that generic alignment targets may not adequately reflect individual patient preoperative conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the relationship between coronal alignment and functional outcomes in TKR using a novel grouping method and the concept of correction rate.
To investigate if the degree of mechanical femoral-tibial angle (MFTA) correction influences functional scores post-TKR.

Main Methods:

A study of 358 knees with a mean follow-up of 3.62 years.
Patients were grouped into under-correction, neutral, and over-correction based on MFTA.
Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores were compared across groups, and correlation analyses assessed the predictive value of correction rate.

Main Results:

All groups demonstrated significant improvement in HSS scores post-TKR.
No statistically significant differences in HSS scores or score increments were observed among the under-correction, neutral, and over-correction groups.
Correlational analyses did not reveal a positive association between correction rate and postoperative functional scores.

Conclusions:

Establishing a single optimal coronal alignment category for TKR may be impractical.
The proposed new grouping method and the concept of correction rate warrant further research for potentially better reflecting preoperative knee conditions and alignment changes in TKR.