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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Pulse Assessment Sites01:11

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Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Proper measurement of leg blood pressure is a critical skill for healthcare providers, ensuring precise and reliable readings. When performed correctly, this procedure informs patient care and enhances the efficacy of interventions. The following text outlines step-by-step guidelines to measure blood pressure in the leg, providing clarity and ease of understanding for practitioners.
Preparation:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
14:52

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Peripheral arterial tone during active standing.

Sho Okamura1, Akinori Sairaku2, Takehito Tokuyama1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|October 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral arterial tone (PAT) monitoring offers a new way to assess sympathetic nervous system response during active standing tests. PAT inversely reflects changes in heart rate variability during orthostasis, indicating its potential role in blood pressure regulation.

Keywords:
Autonomic functionBlood pressure homeostasisHeart rate variabilityPeripheral arterial tone

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The active standing test is a clinical tool to evaluate sympathetic nervous system function during orthostatic stress.
  • Peripheral arterial tone (PAT) measurement, assessing digit arterial pulsatile volume, is a novel method for monitoring sympathetic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the response of Peripheral arterial tone (PAT) during an active standing test.
  • To compare PAT changes with heart rate variability (HRV) during orthostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous measurement of PAT and short-time frequency domain HRV during a 5.5-minute active standing test in volunteers.
  • Analysis of changes in PAT and the low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) ratio of HRV before, during, and after postural changes (sitting to standing and back).

Main Results:

  • Blood pressure remained constant, while heart rate increased during standing.
  • The LF/HF ratio of HRV increased significantly when standing.
  • Mean PAT and its nadir value significantly decreased during standing and recovered upon sitting, independent of LF/HF changes.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral arterial tone (PAT) exhibits an inverse and independent response to LF/HF during orthostatic testing.
  • PAT changes may reflect peripheral vasoconstriction mechanisms essential for maintaining blood pressure homeostasis.