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Optimal VLBI baseline geometry for UT1-UTC Intensive observations.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Intensives sessions optimize Earth rotation measurements (dUT1). New research shows optimal baseline orientation depends on length and inclination, challenging the east-west extension assumption for accurate dUT1 determination.

Keywords:
Intensive sessionsVLBIdUT1

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Area of Science:

  • Geodesy and Geophysics
  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Earth Rotation and Dynamics

Background:

  • Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is crucial for determining Earth's rotation, specifically the difference between Universal Time UT1 and Coordinated Universal Time UTC (dUT1).
  • Daily "Intensives" sessions, lasting one hour on single baselines, are conducted for rapid dUT1 estimation.
  • Previous understanding favored long east-west baselines for maximizing dUT1 accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate and challenge the conventional understanding of optimal baseline geometry for VLBI Intensives.
  • To determine the ideal length and orientation of baselines for accurate dUT1 estimation.
  • To develop a more robust metric for assessing Intensive baseline suitability.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive simulation study involving nearly 3000 artificial baselines across a regular grid.
  • Analysis of partial derivatives of observed group delays with respect to dUT1.
  • Investigation of baseline length, orientation, and inclination relative to the equatorial plane.

Main Results:

  • Long east-west baselines are not universally optimal; optimal orientation depends on specific lengths and may require inclination.
  • Equatorial baselines are less suitable due to limited source visibility and derivative variety.
  • North-south baselines can yield accurate dUT1 if oriented away from the Earth's rotation axis, requiring precise polar motion data.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal geometry for VLBI Intensives is more complex than previously assumed, requiring consideration of baseline inclination.
  • A new metric based on the effective spread of partial derivatives provides a better assessment of baseline suitability.
  • These findings will refine strategies for Earth rotation monitoring using VLBI.