Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

18.1K
The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
18.1K
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

16.3K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
16.3K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

698
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
698
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

2.8K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
2.8K
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

19.3K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
19.3K
Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations03:18

Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations

24.5K
Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
24.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The XENONnT dark matter experiment.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2024
Same author

Developmental expression of the murine spliceosome-associated protein mSAP49.

Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists·1997
Same author

Psychomotor slowing in HIV infection: a predictor of dementia, AIDS and death.

Journal of neurovirology·1996
Same author

Transacylase and phospholipases in the synthesis of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate.

Biochemistry·1996
Same author

Human kinesin light (beta) chain gene: DNA sequence and functional characterization of its promoter and first exon.

DNA and cell biology·1996
Same author

Effect of integrated research programs on health care systems and costs.

Military medicine·1996
Same journal

Quantitative understanding of PDF fits and their uncertainties.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2026
Same journal

Probing the Higgs portal to a strongly-interacting dark sector at the FCC-ee.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2026
Same journal

Quantifying vacuum-like jets in heavy-ion collisions: a machine learning study.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2026
Same journal

High-energy decays and weak quantum measurements.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2026
Same journal

Combined effective field theory interpretation of Higgs boson, electroweak vector boson, top quark, and multijet measurements.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2026
Same journal

A journey to ITACA: Ion Tracking with Ammonium Cations Apparatus.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Lung Disease Research with Free-Breathing Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI
08:23

Author Spotlight: Advancing Lung Disease Research with Free-Breathing Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI

Published on: November 10, 2023

780

Rn  emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment.

, E Aprile1, J Aalbers2

  • 1Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.

The European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
|November 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selecting low-radioactivity materials is crucial for rare event searches. Radon emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment helped identify radio-pure components, achieving the lowest radon concentration in a xenon dark matter experiment.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases
09:55

Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.4K
Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

19.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Lung Disease Research with Free-Breathing Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI
08:23

Author Spotlight: Advancing Lung Disease Research with Free-Breathing Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI

Published on: November 10, 2023

780
Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases
09:55

Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.4K
Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

19.7K

Area of Science:

  • Experimental Physics
  • Particle Physics
  • Nuclear Physics

Background:

  • Low-radioactivity materials are essential for sensitive rare event search experiments.
  • Radon (Rn) emanation from material surfaces is a significant background source in these experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present radon emanation measurements for the XENON1T dark matter experiment.
  • To enable the selection of radio-pure construction materials by assessing bulk impurities and surface emanation.

Main Methods:

  • Performed radon emanation measurements on construction materials.
  • Conducted bulk impurity screening.
  • Compared emanation measurement predictions with in-situ radon activity concentration data.

Main Results:

  • Identified and selected the radio-purest construction materials for XENON1T.
  • Achieved a target radon activity concentration of in of xenon.
  • Successfully eliminated problematic components based on radon emanation data.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully minimized background noise in the XENON1T experiment through careful material selection.
  • The final radon activity concentration in XENON1T's target was the lowest ever recorded for a xenon dark matter experiment.