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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Bidirectional Electrical and Optoelectronic Interfaces in Healthy and Ischemic Ex Vivo Rat Hearts
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Nanoenabled Bioelectrical Modulation.

Aleksander Prominski1,2,3, Pengju Li4, Bernadette A Miao1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.

Accounts of Materials Research
|November 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanoscale semiconductor bioelectrical interfaces offer precise control for cellular and tissue modulation. Future research aims to enhance efficiency, stability, and integration for advanced biomedical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioelectronics
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Bioelectrical interfaces, particularly nanostructure-based ones, are crucial for understanding biophysical behaviors and addressing biomedical challenges.
  • Nanoscale semiconductors offer diverse functionalities for precise subcellular and tissue-level modulation.
  • Device design must consider mechanical compliance, biocompatibility, and scalability for effective integration with biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in nanostructure-based bioelectrical interfaces for biological modulation.
  • To highlight the potential of free-standing and remotely activated devices for biophysical investigation and clinical therapies.
  • To discuss the requirements for effective biointegration at cellular, tissue, and organ levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing nanostructured silicon, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-derived nanowires and two-dimensional (2D) nanostructured membranes.
  • Creating semiconductor/cell composites through nanowire internalization for intra- and intercellular modulation.
  • Employing laser-derived nanocrystalline semiconductors and self-assembled nanoscale building blocks for cell and organ modulation.

Main Results:

  • Nanoenabled extracellular interfaces have been developed for electrical and optical modulation of cells and tissues.
  • Semiconductor/cell composites have demonstrated efficacy in neuronal and cardiac modulation.
  • Carbon-based electrodes fabricated via self-assembly show promise for stimulating various biological tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Nanostructured materials and devices are advancing bioelectronic interfaces for improved biological modulation.
  • Future work should focus on enhancing efficiency, stability, and adaptability of nanoenabled bioelectrical systems.
  • New materials and designs hold potential for targeting subcellular structures and achieving seamless biological integration.