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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
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Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates

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Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains in Malaysia revealed genetically diverse variant

Kwai Lin Thong1, Kathryn Bee Lin Tham2, Soo Tein Ngoi3

  • 1Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|November 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variants are key cholera agents. This study investigated their genetic traits in Malaysia, revealing diverse strains and multiclonal emergence, crucial for understanding cholera evolution.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variants have caused global cholera outbreaks since the 2000s.
  • Cholera remains endemic in parts of Malaysia, necessitating regional strain characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic characteristics of V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains from Malaysian outbreaks and sporadic cases.
  • To elucidate the molecular evolution of circulating V. cholerae strains in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic and molecular characterization of 45 V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains (1991-2011).
  • Included virulence gene detection and CTX prophage (CTXΦ) analysis via PCR.
  • Genotyping utilized Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE).

Main Results:

  • All strains were El Tor biotype, predominantly Ogawa serotype (96%).
  • Outbreak strains showed multidrug resistance; sporadic strains were resistant to erythromycin and furazolidone.
  • Distinct CTXΦ arrays were identified, with evidence of multiclonal emergence of V. cholerae O1 El Tor variants.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic diversity and multiclonal emergence of V. cholerae O1 El Tor variants are evident in Malaysia.
  • Understanding these genetic characteristics is vital for regional cholera surveillance and control efforts.
Keywords:
El Tor variantcholera toxinclassicalerythromycingenotypeprophage

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