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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Polyphenylene Sulfide-Based Solid-State Separator for Limited Li Metal Battery.

Haitao Zhou1, Chongchen Yu1, Hongquan Gao1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212013, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel solid-state separator from lithiated polyphenylene sulfide (PPS-SSS) for advanced lithium metal batteries. This material enables high energy density and long cycle life, paving the way for practical, safer batteries.

Keywords:
PE-protectiondry electrodehigh-crystallizedpolyphenylene sulfidesolid-state separator

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • The demand for high energy density batteries drives research towards lithium metal and solid-state electrolytes (SSEs).
  • Existing SSEs present significant advantages but also critical weaknesses, hindering industrial adoption.
  • Developing effective SSEs is central to advancing battery technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel, thin, and dense solid-state separator based on lithiated polyphenylene sulfide (PPS-SSS).
  • To enhance the performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) through improved ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.
  • To demonstrate the practicality of LMBs using the developed PPS-SSS.

Main Methods:

  • A solvent-free, pilot-scale process was used to prepare the lithiated polyphenylene sulfide-based solid state separator (PPS-SSS).
  • Functionalization of the PPS surface was performed to immobilize anions and improve Li+ transference.
  • Electrochemical characterization included ionic conductivity, transference number, and electrochemical potential window (EPW) measurements.
  • Homogeneity of lithium plating on copper was assessed at a specific current density.
  • Performance of Li-metal batteries (LMBs) was evaluated using limited Li-plated or anode-free copper, high-loading cathodes, and high voltage.

Main Results:

  • The PPS-SSS exhibited a high Li+ transference number (0.8-0.9) and an EPW > 5.1 V.
  • High intrinsic Li+ diffusion coefficient and ionic conductivity (>10^-4 S cm^-1) were observed at 25 °C.
  • A Li+ transport rectifying effect led to homogenous Li-plating on copper.
  • LMBs with polyethylene (PE) protected PPS-SSSs achieved high energy (>1000 Wh L^-1) and power densities (>900 W L^-1).
  • The batteries demonstrated over 200 cycles with high safety, surpassing state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PPS-SSS offers a promising solution for solid-state electrolytes in lithium metal batteries.
  • The material's properties enable high performance, long cycle life, and enhanced safety.
  • This advancement significantly promotes the practical application of lithium metal batteries.