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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...

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Simulate SubQ: The Methods and the Media.

David Li¹, Poh Yee Chow¹, Tzu Ping Lin¹

¹National University of Singapore, Faculty of Science, 4 Science Drive 2, 117544 Singapore.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

|November 3, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Injectable subcutaneous drug formulations aim for better absorption and prolonged release. This study reviews in vitro methods for assessing subcutaneous drug delivery performance, highlighting current gaps.

Keywords:

ADME Absorption Biopredictive Biorelevant Depot formulation Dissolution testing Drug absorption Drug delivery Drug release In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC)Long-acting injectables Lymphatic uptake Non-oral complex drugs Parenterals Performance testing Subcutaneous (SC)

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Drug Delivery Systems
Biophysics

Background:

Injectable subcutaneous formulations are of increasing interest for improved drug absorption and extended release.
However, plasma level fluctuations and bioavailability challenges often limit their clinical efficacy.
Understanding the interplay between dosage form and physiological microenvironment is crucial for long-acting depots.

Purpose of the Study:

To review in vitro methodologies for subcutaneous drug administration.
To discuss relevant absorption mechanisms and their simulation.
To identify knowledge gaps and limitations in current testing models.

Main Methods:

Review of existing in vitro methodologies for subcutaneous drug delivery.
Analysis of biophysical processes governing drug absorption from injection sites.
Discussion of methods and media tailored for subcutaneous administration.

Main Results:

Existing in vitro methods are evaluated against subcutaneous absorption mechanisms.
Key knowledge gaps and shortcomings in current biopredictive performance testing are identified.
The scientific evidence underlying these models is critically assessed.

Conclusions:

Improved in vitro models are needed to accurately predict subcutaneous drug absorption.
Addressing current limitations will enhance the development of effective long-acting injectable formulations.
Further research is required to bridge the gap between in vitro testing and in vivo performance.