Diagnosis and Management of Calcaneal Stress Fractures

Overuse injuries, such as stress fractures, are easy to prevent, yet they are prevalent in nearly all populations. Correct diagnosis of stress fractures relies greatly on patient history and physical examination, with medical imaging used as a complementary procedure. Radiography typically is performed first, then subsequent alternative imaging modalities that provide better sensitivity and specificity are used if necessary. This article discusses stress fractures of the calcaneus, including a review of hindfoot anatomy and the gait cycle. Risk factors, prevention, and management also are reviewed.