Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 14, 2025

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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
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Use of Virtual Reality for Hybrid Closure of Multiple Ventricular Septal Defects
Reena M Ghosh1, Christopher E Mascio2, Jonathan J Rome1
1Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
JACC. Case Reports
|November 3, 2021
Abstract:
A 28-month-old girl with multiple ventricular septal defects previously underwent surgical and transcatheter attempts at repair. Three-dimensional models were created from cardiac magnetic resonance-derived images. Viewing the models in virtual reality allowed the team to precisely locate the defects and decide on a hybrid transcatheter and surgical approach to ensure successful repair. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).

