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Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

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The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
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If a reaction has a small equilibrium constant, the equilibrium position favors the reactants. In such reactions, a negligible change in concentration may occur if the initial concentrations of reactants are high and the Kc value is small. In such circumstances, the equilibrium concentration is approximately equal to its initial concentration.  This estimation can be used to simplify the equilibrium calculations by assuming that some equilibrium concentrations are equal to the initial...
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In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
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Deep Learning and Computational Chemistry.

Tim James1, Dimitar Hristozov2

  • 1Evotec (UK) Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK. Tim.James@evotec.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 3, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep learning shows promise in computational chemistry for multitask learning and generative modeling. However, complex architectures and limited data may hinder its widespread impact compared to other fields.

Keywords:
AIArtificial intelligenceComputational chemistryDeep learningExplainable AIGenerative modelsInterpretabilityMachine learningQSARQuantitative structure-activity relationshipsVirtual screening

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Machine Learning

Background:

  • Deep learning has recently resurged in popularity and application.
  • These artificial intelligence methods are being applied to various computational chemistry problems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the practical advantages and potential impact of deep learning in computational chemistry.
  • To identify barriers to adoption, such as model complexity and data limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of deep learning applications in computational chemistry.
  • Comparison with other machine learning approaches.
  • Analysis of deep neural network architectures and their implications.

Main Results:

  • Deep learning offers advantages in multitask learning and generative modeling.
  • Practical performance benefits over other machine learning methods are often unclear.
  • High model complexity and training costs pose adoption challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Deep learning's transformative impact on computational chemistry is uncertain due to complexity and data scarcity.
  • Further research is needed to overcome barriers and clarify performance advantages.