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Related Concept Videos

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Hyperthermophilic archaea are a group of extremophiles thriving at temperatures above 80°C, often in hydrothermal vents and volcanic soils where conditions surpass the boiling point of water. At such temperatures, proteins, membranes, and DNA in most organisms degrade, but hyperthermophiles have evolved remarkable adaptations to maintain stability and function.Unique Cellular FeaturesHyperthermophilic membranes are composed of a monolayer of biphytanyl tetraether lipids, which resist...
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Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like...
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Archaea, one of the three domains of life, exhibit remarkable diversity and adaptability, thriving in both extreme and moderate environments. Historically, most identified archaea have been classified into two major phyla: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. However, recent molecular studies have expanded this classification to include three additional phyla: Thaumarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, and Korarchaeota, each exhibiting unique characteristics and ecological roles.Thaumarchaeota: Mesophiles...
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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions
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Rainfalls sprinkle cloud bacterial diversity while scavenging biomass.

Raphaëlle Péguilhan1, Ludovic Besaury1, Florent Rossi1

  • 1Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont , ICCF, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France.

FEMS Microbiology Ecology
|November 4, 2021
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Atmospheric bacteria, primarily from soil and vegetation, are transported via clouds and precipitation. Clouds contribute significantly to microbial diversity in precipitation, influencing ecosystem bacteria.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric microbiology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Bacteria are ubiquitous and play roles in atmospheric processes and ecosystem functioning.
  • Understanding the sources and transport of airborne bacteria is crucial for ecological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bacterial assemblages in clouds and precipitation.
  • To analyze the relationship between atmospheric bacteria, meteorological data, and air mass history.
  • To determine the contribution of clouds to precipitation bacteria and their diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Coordinated sampling of bacteria in clouds and precipitation at two altitudinal sites.
  • Analysis of bacterial assemblages alongside meteorological, chemical, and air mass history data.
  • Use of ions as tracers to quantify cloud contribution to precipitation bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Soil and vegetation-associated bacteria dominated both clouds and precipitation.
  • Higher ATP-to-cell ratios in clouds suggest greater cell viability or biological activity.
  • Bacterial concentration increased from clouds to precipitation due to scavenging, with 0.2–25.5% originating from clouds.
  • Cloud inputs decreased relative species richness in precipitation, indicating clouds as sources of diverse, distant microbes.
  • Distinct biodiversity profiles were observed between clouds and precipitation, influenced by source and bacterial traits.

Conclusions:

  • Clouds act as significant reservoirs and transport vectors for atmospheric bacteria.
  • Below-cloud scavenging efficiently transfers bacteria from clouds to precipitation.
  • Clouds contribute to microbial diversity in precipitation, introducing potentially distant taxa.
  • Atmospheric bacterial communities in clouds and precipitation exhibit unique profiles shaped by source and environmental factors.