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Memory for diverse faces in a racially attentive context.

Benjamin Uel Marsh1, Deborah Revenaugh2, Taylor Weeks2

  • 1University of Tampa, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33606, USA. bmarsh@ut.edu.

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications
|November 4, 2021
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Summary

Racial ambiguity and ethnic typicality influence face recognition accuracy, impacting the cross-race effect (CRE). Higher ethnic typicality increased the CRE for White participants, while racial salience may amplify the CRE.

Keywords:
Cross-race effectOther-race effectRacial ambiguityRacial categorizationRacism

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Racial Perception

Background:

  • The cross-race effect (CRE) describes the tendency for individuals to be less accurate at recognizing faces of a race different from their own.
  • Factors such as racial ambiguity and salience are hypothesized to moderate the CRE, influencing face recognition.
  • Ethnic typicality, a measure of how representative a face is of a particular racial group, has not been extensively studied in relation to the CRE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how racial ambiguity and racial salience moderate the cross-race effect (CRE).
  • To examine the role of ethnic typicality in influencing the CRE for different racial groups.
  • To explore the relationship between increased racial salience and the magnitude of the CRE.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted involving White and Black participants studying and identifying the race of faces varying in ethnic typicality.
  • Participants viewed Asian, Black, Latino, and White faces with either high or low ethnic typicality.
  • Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 but excluded the race identification task, focusing solely on White participants.

Main Results:

  • For White participants, the CRE was larger when comparing high ethnic typicality White faces to high ethnic typicality other-race faces.
  • Black participants exhibited a similar reduction in CRE with ethnic typicality but showed a less prevalent CRE overall compared to White participants.
  • Experiment 2 indicated a smaller CRE on Black faces compared to Experiment 1, suggesting racial salience might amplify the CRE.

Conclusions:

  • Ethnic typicality significantly moderates the cross-race effect, particularly for White participants.
  • Racial salience may play a crucial role in amplifying the cross-race effect, warranting further investigation.
  • The findings contribute to understanding the complex interplay between racial perception, ethnic typicality, and face recognition accuracy.