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Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

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Skeletal Deformity in Children with Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

M I Dikova¹, B Petkova², V Alexiev¹

¹University Orthopaedic Hospital "Prof.Bojcho Bojchev", Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae Et Traumatologiae Cechoslovaca

|November 5, 2021

Summary

Genu valgum, a rare skeletal deformity, can indicate primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in children. Early diagnosis through calcium and parathormone testing, alongside imaging, is crucial for treating parathyroid adenoma.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Endocrinology
Skeletal Dysplasias
Nephrology

Background:

Genu valgum is infrequently associated with Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).
PHPT is typically caused by parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia (80-85% of cases).
This report details two pediatric cases presenting with genu valgum and lower extremity pain.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the rare presentation of genu valgum in pediatric PHPT.
To emphasize the diagnostic pathway for identifying parathyroid adenoma in children presenting with skeletal deformities.

Main Methods:

Clinical presentation of two adolescent females with genu valgum and pain.
Biochemical evaluation including serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and parathormone.
Radiological investigations: X-rays, ultrasound of the thyroid, and SPECT/CT.

Main Results:

Both patients exhibited hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and raised parathormone.
Radiographs revealed features of hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy, including bone cysts and 'brown tumors'.
Ultrasound and SPECT/CT confirmed active parathyroid adenomas.

Conclusions:

Genu valgum can be an indicator for investigating PHPT in pediatric patients.
Serum calcium and parathormone levels are highly diagnostic for PHPT.
Imaging modalities like ultrasound and SPECT/CT are vital for localizing parathyroid adenomas and guiding surgical intervention.