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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

31
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
31
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

42
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
42
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

63
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
63
Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:22

Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management

58
Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the myocardium requiring meticulous nursing management for optimal patient outcomes. Effective management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, paying close attention to past infections, autoimmune disorders, travel history, and exposure to toxins or drugs. Recent viral infections and systemic diseases are particularly relevant due to their potential role in triggering myocarditis.Physical Examination and MonitoringThe...
58
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

123
Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
123
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

79
The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
79

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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients
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COVID-19 associated myocarditis: A systematic review.

William Haussner1, Antonio P DeRosa2, Danielle Haussner1

  • 1New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|November 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Severe COVID-19 can cause heart failure through two main pathways: viral myocarditis and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. These conditions, along with severe COVID-19 respiratory failure, present similarly, necessitating careful diagnosis.

Keywords:
COVID-19Heart failureMyocarditisPrimary cardiac collapseSystematic reviewTakotsubo cardiomyopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 commonly causes viral syndromes, but severe cases can lead to respiratory failure and multi-organ dysfunction.
  • A subset of critically ill COVID-19 patients experience primary cardiac collapse, indicating direct cardiac involvement.
  • Heart failure is a recognized complication of severe COVID-19, but its specific cardiac etiologies require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review COVID-19-associated myocarditis.
  • To analyze the clinical presentation, risk factors, and prognosis of COVID-19-related cardiac complications.
  • To differentiate between viral myocarditis and other causes of heart failure in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Analysis of clinical data on COVID-19 patients with cardiac complications.
  • Comparison of clinical presentations and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct etiologies of primary acute heart failure in COVID-19 patients were identified: viral myocarditis and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, occurring with nearly equal frequency.
  • COVID-19 myocarditis, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and severe COVID-19 respiratory failure share overlapping clinical presentations, including dyspnea and cardiac injury markers.
  • COVID-19-associated myocarditis is distinguished from respiratory failure by an earlier onset of shock.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 can cause primary heart failure through viral myocarditis or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
  • Clinical presentation of COVID-19 myocarditis, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and severe COVID-19 respiratory failure can be indistinguishable.
  • Steroids may offer therapeutic benefits for COVID-19-related heart failure, irrespective of the specific etiology.