Omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Mu-Yuan Ma1, Ke-Lei Li2, Hui Zheng3
1College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids
|November 5, 2021
Summary
The omega-3 index is lower in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Higher omega-3 intake may help prevent T2D, suggesting a beneficial role for omega-3 fatty acids.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Metabolic Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The association between omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes (T2D) requires further clarification.
- The impact of modulating omega-3 index levels on T2D development is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and elucidate the correlation between the omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases.
- Eight case-control studies involving 1,357 T2D patients and 1,616 controls were analyzed.
- A random-effect model was used to calculate the overall effect size (standard mean difference).
Main Results:
- The omega-3 index was significantly lower in individuals with T2D compared to controls (SMD = -1.31).
- Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² = 99.0%).
- Subgroup analysis in Asians revealed a strong negative correlation (SMD = -1.71) with substantially reduced heterogeneity (I² = 0).
Conclusions:
- A negative correlation exists between the omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes.
- Increased dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may offer protective benefits against T2D.
- The omega-3 index serves as a potential biomarker for T2D risk.
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