Effects of microplastics on soil properties: Current knowledge and future perspectives.

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Soil Science
• Ecotoxicology

Background:

• Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants of global concern.
• Soil ecosystems, particularly agroecosystems, are increasingly impacted by MPs.
• Growing evidence highlights adverse effects on soil health and fertility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the occurrence and characteristics of MPs in diverse soil environments.
• To summarize the impacts of MPs on soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties.
• To identify knowledge gaps regarding MP effects on agroecosystems and climate.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on MPs in soil.
• Analysis of data on MP abundance, type, shape, and size across soil types.
• Evaluation of reported impacts on soil properties and functions.

Main Results:

• MPs are widespread in agricultural, industrial, urban, and unused soils, with variable characteristics.
• MPs alter soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties, depending on MP type, shape, dose, and size.
• MP contamination affects soil fertility, pollutant availability, plant performance, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Conclusions:

• MPs pose a significant threat to soil health, agroecosystem productivity, and potentially global climate.
• The specific impacts of MPs are highly variable and context-dependent.
• Comprehensive research is essential to address knowledge gaps and mitigate MP risks.