Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Echo01:06

Echo

644
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
644
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

1.5K
Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Psychometric evaluation of the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in autistic and non-autistic adults.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice·2025
Same author

Auditory environments influence the link between Autistic traits and quality of life.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

How auditory processing influences the autistic profile: A review.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research·2024
Same author

Gene Electrotransfer via Conductivity-Clamped Electric Field Focusing Pivots Sensori-Motor DNA Therapeutics: "A Spoonful of Sugar Helps the Medicine Go Down".

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2024
Same author

Noise helps cochlear implant listeners to categorize vowels.

JASA express letters·2022
Same author

Characterization of Mayer-wave oscillations in functional near-infrared spectroscopy using a physiologically informed model of the neural power spectra.

Neurophotonics·2021
Same journal

Computational Model for Synthesizing Auditory Brainstem Responses to Assess Neuronal Alterations in Aging and Autistic Animal Models.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2026
Same journal

Deaf Acoustics: Listening Through Hearing Aids with Thomas Edison.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2026
Same journal

Correction: A Structural Equation Approach to Characterizing Growth and Nonlinearity Underlying Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2026
Same journal

A Structural Equation Approach to Characterizing Growth and Nonlinearity Underlying Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2026
Same journal

Age-dependent Shifts in Spiral Ganglion Neuron Subtypes Are Associated with Interphase Gap-dependent Modulation of Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potentials in Mice.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2026
Same journal

Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification for A Fractional-Order Model of the Human Ear.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

8.6K

Sensitivity to Envelope Interaural Time Differences: Modeling Auditory Modulation Filtering.

Andrew Brughera1,2, Jimena A Ballestero3, David McAlpine4

  • 1Department of Linguistics, and the Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia. andrew.brughera@mq.edu.au.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO
|November 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational models explain how variations in auditory brainstem neuron frequency responses influence human sensitivity to envelope interaural time differences (ITDENV) for sound localization, especially at higher modulation rates.

Keywords:
ITDLSObinauralsensory codingspatial hearingtransposed tone

More Related Videos

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

29.3K
The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents
10:27

The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents

Published on: April 19, 2019

7.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

8.6K
Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

29.3K
The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents
10:27

The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents

Published on: April 19, 2019

7.1K

Area of Science:

  • Auditory neuroscience
  • Computational modeling
  • Psychoacoustics

Background:

  • Envelope interaural time difference (ITDENV) is a cue for sound localization.
  • ITDENV is processed by excitatory-inhibitory (EI) neurons in the lateral superior olive (LSO).
  • Human sensitivity to ITDENV varies and decreases with carrier frequency and modulation rate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally model the variable sensitivity to ITDENV across human listeners.
  • To investigate the role of LSO neuron membrane frequency responses in ITDENV sensitivity variation.
  • To understand ITDENV processing at different modulation rates and carrier frequencies.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a bilateral auditory-periphery model stimulating EI neurons.
  • Modeled LSO neuron membrane frequency response ranges to simulate listener variability.
  • Calculated just-noticeable differences in ITDENV using Fisher information from model spike-rate functions.

Main Results:

  • Model populations with decreasing frequency response ranges reproduced human ITDENV sensitivity variations.
  • Model populations matched human sensitivity at progressively higher modulation rates.
  • Fast resonant model neurons extended ITDENV sensitivity above 500 Hz.

Conclusions:

  • LSO neuron membrane frequency response range is a key factor in variable ITDENV sensitivity.
  • Computational models can replicate human psychoacoustic performance in ITDENV processing.
  • Modulation filtering by membrane impedance shapes ITDENV encoding in the auditory brainstem.