CRISPR/Cas-Based Modifications for Therapeutic Applications: A Review
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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
Published on: September 2, 2021
Nagaraj Bharathkumar1, Abraham Sunil2, Prabhakar Meera1
1B Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:
The CRISPR-Cas genome editing system is an intrinsic property of a bacteria-based immune system. This employs a guide RNA to detect and cleave the PAM-associated target DNA or RNA in subsequent infections, by the invasion of a similar bacteriophage. The discovery of Cas systems has paved the way to overcome the limitations of existing genome editing tools. In this review, we focus on Cas proteins that are available for gene modifications among which Cas9, Cas12a, and Cas13 have been widely used in the areas of medicine, research, and diagnostics. Since CRISPR has been already proven for its potential research applications, the next milestone for CRISPR will be proving its efficacy and safety. In this connection, we systematically review recent advances in exploring multiple variants of Cas proteins and their modifications for therapeutic applications.
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