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Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...

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Extracellular vesicles from equine mesenchymal stem cells decrease inflammation markers in chondrocytes in vitro.

Magdalena Arévalo-Turrubiarte¹, Mario Baratta^1,2, Giovanna Ponti¹

¹Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Equine Veterinary Journal

|November 6, 2021

Summary

Equine mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were characterized and tested for their therapeutic potential. Bone marrow EVs reduced a cartilage-degrading enzyme in equine chondrocytes, suggesting a role in joint repair.

Keywords:

chondrocytes extracellular vesicles horse mesenchymal stem cells pro-inflammation

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Regenerative Medicine
Cell Biology

Background:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are utilized in equine medicine for their therapeutic properties.
MSCs secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that modulate apoptosis and inflammation.
The regenerative potential of equine EVs remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize EVs derived from equine MSCs.
To evaluate the in vitro effects of these EVs on equine chondrocytes stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Main Methods:

Equine MSCs from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and synovial fluid were cultured.
EVs were isolated and analyzed for size, concentration, morphology, and CD9 expression.
Equine chondrocytes were treated with inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and co-treated with MSC-derived EVs.
Gene expression of metalloproteinase-13 was assessed using real-time PCR.

Main Results:

Isolated equine MSC-derived particles exhibited consistent size and concentration across different tissue sources.
Transmission electron microscopy confirmed a round morphology and CD9 expression in the EVs.
EVs from bone marrow MSCs significantly reduced the expression of metalloproteinase-13 in inflamed chondrocytes.

Conclusions:

Equine bone marrow MSC-derived EVs demonstrated the ability to downregulate metalloproteinase-13, an enzyme implicated in cartilage degradation.
These findings suggest that equine MSC-derived EVs hold promise as an adjunctive therapy for enhancing tissue and cartilage repair in equine articular pathologies.