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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance
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Superaerophobic copper-based nanowires array for efficient nitrogen reduction.

Huiyu He1, Lvlv Ji1, Yujie Wei1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|November 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Copper-based nanowire array catalysts show promise for ambient ammonia production via electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). CuO NA/CF and Cu NA/CF electrodes demonstrate high ammonia yield rates and Faradaic efficiency, respectively.

Keywords:
Cu-based materialsElectrocatalysisNanowires arrayNitrogen reduction reactionSuperaerophobic surface

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) offers a sustainable alternative to the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis.
  • Developing efficient electrocatalysts with high ammonia yield rates and Faradaic efficiency is crucial for ambient NRR.
  • Copper-based materials are investigated for their potential in multi-electron reduction reactions, though often struggle with hydrogen evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize novel Cu-based nanowire array (NA) catalysts on Cu foam (CF) substrates for electrocatalytic NRR.
  • To evaluate the performance of various Cu-based NAs (Cu(OH)2, Cu3N, Cu3P, CuO, Cu) as self-supported electrodes for NH3 production.
  • To elucidate the role of catalyst surface structure in enhancing NRR performance.

Main Methods:

  • In situ growth of Cu-based nanowire arrays (NA) on Cu foam (CF) substrates.
  • Electrochemical characterization of NRR performance, including ammonia yield rate and Faradaic efficiency (FE).
  • Surface analysis using contact angle measurements and simulated calculations.

Main Results:

  • CuO NA/CF exhibited a maximum NH3 yield rate of 1.84 × 10^-9 mol s^-1 cm^-2.
  • Cu NA/CF achieved a peak FE of 18.2% for NH3 production at -0.1 V vs RHE.
  • The superaerophobic surface structure of the NAs was identified as critical for efficient NRR.

Conclusions:

  • Cu-based nanowire arrays, particularly CuO NA/CF and Cu NA/CF, are effective electrocatalysts for NRR under ambient conditions.
  • The developed catalysts surpass the performance of many previously reported metal-based NRR electrocatalysts.
  • Surface properties, such as superaerophobicity, significantly influence the efficiency of electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.