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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

387
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
387

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Transcranial Electrical Stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures.

Samuel Louviot1, Louise Tyvaert2, Louis G Maillard2

  • 1Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France.

Brain Stimulation
|November 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) can effectively deliver electric fields (EF) to deep brain structures using high-definition electrodes. Stimulation intensity and electrode placement significantly influence the EF magnitude in targeted brain regions.

Keywords:
Electric fieldHD electrodesHippocampusHuman in-vivoStereoelectroencephalographyTranscranial electrical stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) efficiency depends on the electric field (EF) magnitude at the target site.
  • Previous in-vivo human studies on intracerebral EFs are limited (n=4) and often rely on invasive electrocorticography, which can alter EF distribution and exclude deep brain structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure in-vivo intracerebral electric fields (EF) in deep brain structures during TES in humans.
  • To investigate how TES parameters (frequency, intensity, montage) affect the intracerebral EF.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous bipolar transcranial alternating current stimulation (TES) and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings were conducted in 8 epilepsy patients.
  • High-definition (HD) electrodes were used for TES, with variations in frequency (7 levels), intensity (2 levels), and montage (15 configurations).

Main Results:

  • Mean EF magnitudes at 1 mA intensity were 0.21 V·m⁻¹ (amygdala), 0.17 V·m⁻¹ (hippocampus), and 0.07 V·m⁻¹ (cingulate gyrus), averaging 0.14 ± 0.07 V·m⁻¹ in deep structures.
  • Lower frequencies (e.g., 1 Hz) showed slightly higher EFs than higher frequencies (e.g., 300 Hz).
  • EF magnitude correlated with TES intensity, and specific montages (T7-T8 for amygdala; C3-FT10, T7-C4 for cingulate gyrus) maximized EF.

Conclusions:

  • Low-intensity TES with small, high-definition electrodes can successfully generate electric fields in deep brain regions.
  • The resulting EF magnitude is dependent on stimulation intensity and montage, independent of stimulation frequency.