Hydrogels as Novel and Efficient Materials in Sorbent-Based Sample Preparation Techniques.

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Polymer Chemistry

Background:

• Hydrogel materials are gaining prominence in advanced sample preparation techniques.
• Their unique properties make them suitable as sorbent and coating materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diverse applications of hydrogels in sample preparation, focusing on extraction techniques.
• To discuss the synthesis routes and adsorption mechanisms of hydrogels used in extraction.
• To explore the advantages and future potential of hydrogels in analytical chemistry.

Main Methods:

• Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) techniques including solid-phase microextraction (SPME), micro solid-phase extraction (µ-SPE), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE).
• Utilizing hydrogels as primary adsorbents for analyte extraction and pre-concentration.
• Investigating the adsorption mechanisms of various analytes by different hydrogel types.
• Examining the role of pH-sensitive hydrogels as stimuli-responsive polymers.

Main Results:

• Hydrogels demonstrate significant utility as sorbent materials in various SPE methods.
• Effective extraction and pre-concentration of heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, drugs, and pigments using hydrogels.
• Discussion of hydrogel synthesis routes and adsorption mechanisms provides insights into their performance.
• pH-sensitive hydrogels show promise for stimuli-responsive sample preparation.

Conclusions:

• Hydrogels offer significant advantages for solid-phase extraction, enhancing efficiency and selectivity.
• The review provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogel applications in sample preparation.
• Future research directions and perspectives for hydrogel-based techniques are outlined.