[Current Status of Accelerator-Based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT)]

Area of Science:

• Medical Physics
• Oncology
• Radiation Therapy

Background:

• Clinical studies of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) have historically relied on research reactor-based neutron sources.
• There is a growing need for portable, medical institution-installable accelerator-based neutron sources for wider BNCT implementation.
• Accelerator-based BNCT development involves integrating accelerators (cyclotrons, linear accelerators) with neutron generation targets.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical development of reactor-based BNCT.
• To present the current status and future outlook of accelerator-based BNCT.
• To highlight Japan's pioneering role in accelerator-based BNCT development and clinical application.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical data on reactor-based BNCT.
• Analysis of current accelerator-based BNCT systems, including cyclotron- and linear accelerator-based approaches.
• Examination of Japan's advancements in accelerator-based BNCT technology and regulatory approvals.

Main Results:

• Japan has achieved a significant milestone with the first medical device approval for a cyclotron- and beryllium target-based BNCT system.
• Accelerator-based BNCT has been implemented in Japanese medical institutions since June 2020.
• Current applications focus on treating unresectable advanced or recurrent head and neck cancers.

Conclusions:

• Accelerator-based BNCT represents a significant advancement, moving the therapy from specialized reactors to medical facilities.
• Japan is at the forefront of developing and deploying accelerator-based BNCT, with successful clinical integration and insurance coverage.
• Future prospects for accelerator-based BNCT are promising, particularly for expanding treatment accessibility and efficacy in oncology.