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Cryptophane-xenon complexes for 129Xe MRI applications.

Serge D Zemerov1, Ivan J Dmochowski1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA.

RSC Advances
|November 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI/MRS uses cryptophane biosensors for ultrasensitive biomarker detection. These advanced techniques enhance sensitivity for expanded clinical applications in disease diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical imaging
  • Chemical sensing
  • Molecular imaging

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Spectroscopy (MRS) offer rapid, non-invasive anatomical data.
  • Low sensitivity of traditional MRI hinders disease biomarker identification at clinical field strengths.
  • Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI/MRS techniques have emerged as promising complements to 1H-based imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of cryptophane biosensors for 129Xe MRI.
  • To highlight innovative biosensor designs and their impact on detection sensitivity.
  • To discuss the potential of these biosensors in expanding 129Xe MRI applications.

Main Methods:

  • Encapsulation of hyperpolarized 129Xe within functionalized cryptophane host molecules.
  • Design of cryptophane sensors targeting specific analytes like proteins, metal ions, nucleic acids, pH, and temperature.
  • Utilizing 129Xe hyperpolarization and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) for enhanced detection.

Main Results:

  • Cryptophane-based sensors achieve nanomolar-to-femtomolar limits of detection.
  • Functionalization of cryptophanes allows for targeted analyte identification.
  • Demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for various biomedical targets.

Conclusions:

  • Cryptophane biosensors significantly enhance the sensitivity of 129Xe MRI.
  • These biosensors are valuable tools for detecting disease-related biomarkers.
  • Further development will expand the scope and clinical utility of 129Xe MRI.