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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA
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Inheritance of physico-chemical properties and ROS generation by carbon quantum dots derived from pyrolytically

Y Wu1, H Wei2, H C van der Mei2

  • 1University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen, Department of Orthodontics, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.

Materials Today. Bio
|November 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Bacterially-derived carbon-quantum dots retain properties from source bacteria, offering a stable alternative to live probiotics. These novel nanomaterials show promise for applications requiring reactive oxygen species generation, like food supplementation.

Keywords:
Infrared-spectroscopyPathogenic bacteriaProbiotic bacteriaReactive oxygen speciesX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Live bacteria are crucial in industry and health but pose handling challenges.
  • Bacterially-derived materials offer potential solutions to overcome limitations of live bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if bacterially-derived carbon-quantum dots (CQDs) inherit properties from their source bacteria.
  • To explore the influence of carbonization temperature and bacterial surface composition on CQD characteristics.
  • To assess the potential applications of these novel nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Pyrolytic carbonization of various bacteria (probiotic and pathogenic) at different temperatures.
  • Characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
  • Assessment of water-suspendability, quantum yields, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

Main Results:

  • CQDs carbonized below 200°C had low quantum yields; those above 220°C showed poor water-suspendability.
  • Intermediate temperatures preserved amide bands, indicating retained protein structures.
  • Nitrogen content in CQDs correlated with surface protein levels of source bacteria.
  • Carbonization converted bacterial surface compounds into aromatic carbon structures.
  • All CQDs generated ROS, with higher generation from probiotic lactobacilli-derived CQDs rich in surface protein.

Conclusions:

  • Amide functionalities in CQDs, inherited from bacterial surface proteins, control ROS generation.
  • Bacterially-derived CQDs offer a stable alternative to live bacteria for applications needing ROS generation.
  • Potential uses include food supplementation and probiotic-assisted antibiotic therapy.