Proteomic studies on apoB-containing lipoprotein in cardiovascular research: A comprehensive review

Area of Science:

• Proteomics and Cardiovascular Disease Research
• Biomarker Discovery for Atherosclerosis

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of death.
• Current CVD risk assessment methods leave a significant unexplained residual risk.
• Plasma protein analysis, particularly lipoprotein-associated proteins, shows promise for improved risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiological roles of atherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins.
• To discuss advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics for characterizing these lipoproteins.
• To highlight the potential of proteomics in refining cardiovascular risk assessment.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of existing literature.
• Focus on mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques.
• Characterization and quantitation of lipoprotein-associated proteins.

Main Results:

• High-throughput proteomic analysis is now feasible, reproducible, and cost-effective.
• Proteomics enables the identification and quantification of numerous candidate marker proteins.
• This approach allows for a multiplexed proteomic fingerprint from whole plasma.

Conclusions:

• Proteomics offers a powerful tool to address the limitations of current CVD risk assessment.
• Detailed characterization of lipoprotein proteins can significantly refine individual risk prediction.
• Further research into proteomic biomarkers is warranted for enhanced CVD management.