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Related Concept Videos

Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

235
Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
235
Bricks01:14

Bricks

172
Bricks, a fundamental building material, are crafted from fired clay and exhibit a range of shapes, sizes, and colors. The production process starts with extracting local clay or shale, which is then crushed, ground, and screened for a fine texture. The refined material is blended with water, creating a pliable mixture that can be formed into bricks using one of three processes: soft mud, dry press, or stiff mud methods.
Soft mud bricks are shaped in molds with high moisture content and can be...
172
Water Cement Ratio01:28

Water Cement Ratio

780
The water-cement ratio is pivotal in defining concrete's quality. This ratio, a balance between the weight of water and cement in the mix, shapes the concrete's strength, durability, and resistance to environmental factors. As identified by Abrams’ law, less water in the mix equates to stronger concrete. However, water is essential not only for the chemical process of hydration but also for the concrete's workability and compaction. While hydration chemically binds water and...
780
Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

129
Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
129
Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

201
The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
201
Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

152
Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
152

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Production and Analysis of Sporosarcina pasteurii Biocement Bricks Using Custom 3D-Printed Molds for Unconfined Compression Tests
05:38

Production and Analysis of Sporosarcina pasteurii Biocement Bricks Using Custom 3D-Printed Molds for Unconfined Compression Tests

Published on: March 7, 2025

547

Soil-Cement Bricks Development Using Polymeric Waste.

Stefânia Lima Oliveira Metzker1, Ticyane Pereira Freire Sabino1, Juliana Farinassi Mendes1

  • 1Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|November 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Adding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste to soil-cement bricks improved strength and reduced thermal conductivity. Higher PET percentages increased water absorption and decreased compressive strength, indicating 1.5% PET is optimal for durable, high-performance bricks.

Keywords:
CompositesEcological brickPolyethylene terephthalateReinforcement materialsThermal insulationTire

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Sustainable Construction

Background:

  • Soil-cement bricks are a common building material.
  • Incorporating waste materials can enhance properties and promote sustainability.
  • Polymeric wastes like tire and PET offer potential for reinforcement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of varying percentages and types of polymeric waste (tire and PET) on soil-cement brick properties.
  • To determine the optimal type and percentage of waste for improved physical, mechanical, thermal, and durability characteristics.
  • To assess the suitability of waste-reinforced bricks for marketing standards.

Main Methods:

  • Soil and waste materials (tire, PET) were characterized (morphological, physical, chemical).
  • Soil-cement bricks were produced using a 90:10 soil:cement ratio with 1.5% and 3.0% waste addition.
  • Bricks were tested for density, moisture, water absorption, mass loss, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and durability.

Main Results:

  • Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste demonstrated reinforcing capabilities in soil-cement bricks.
  • Bricks with 1.5% PET exhibited significantly improved compressive strength, meeting marketing standards post-durability testing.
  • 1.5% PET reinforcement resulted in the lowest thermal conductivity values.
  • Increasing PET content to 3.0% led to higher water absorption, increased mass loss, and reduced compressive strength.

Conclusions:

  • 1.5% PET is the optimal percentage for reinforcing soil-cement bricks, enhancing mechanical properties and thermal insulation.
  • Waste-reinforced bricks, particularly with 1.5% PET, show potential for sustainable construction meeting performance criteria.
  • Higher waste content (3.0%) negatively impacts brick durability and strength, highlighting the importance of optimal percentage selection.