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Multiple Myeloma: Molecular Pathogenesis and Disease Evolution.

Michael Heider1,2, Katharina Nickel1, Marion Högner1

  • 1Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Oncology Research and Treatment
|November 8, 2021
PubMed
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Multiple myeloma, a hematologic malignancy, progresses through premalignant stages. Understanding its pathogenesis, including genetic and epigenetic factors, is key to developing targeted therapies for a potential cure.

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GeneticsMultiple myelomaPathogenesisPlasma cells

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Area of Science:

  • Hematologic Malignancies
  • Cancer Pathogenesis
  • Translational Oncology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma is the second most common incurable hematologic malignancy.
  • Current treatments include proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies.
  • The disease progresses from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering myeloma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of multiple myeloma pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding disease mechanisms for developing novel therapies.
  • To contribute to efforts in making multiple myeloma a curable disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on multiple myeloma.
  • Analysis of genetic features including chromosomal aberrations and mutations.
  • Evaluation of epigenetic alterations and the bone marrow microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Key genetic features include chromosomal aberrations and mutations in oncogenic pathways.
  • Clonal evolution insights gained from next-generation sequencing.
  • Epigenetic alterations and the bone marrow microenvironment play significant roles.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding multiple myeloma pathogenesis is crucial for targeted therapy development.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies aim to make multiple myeloma a curable disease.
  • Further research into genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental factors is warranted.