Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cohesins

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...

Condensins

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...

Separation of Sister Chromatids

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

Meiosis II

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A student nurse intervenes to foster grandfather/grandchild bonding.

MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing·2000

Same author

More education will lead to improved end-of-life care.

Oncology nursing forum·2000

Same author

Use of a mental rotation reaction-time paradigm to measure the effects of upper cervical adjustments on cortical processing: a pilot study.

Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics·2000

Same author

Chromosomes and stress.

The International journal of neuroscience·1999

Same author

Psychogenic stress induces chromosomal and DNA damage.

The International journal of neuroscience·1996

Same author

Characterization of pituitary mediation of stress-induced antinociception in rats.

Physiology & behavior·1993

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Published on: August 13, 2020

Sister chromatid exchanges induced by behavioral stress.

H K Fischman, D D Kelly

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|January 1, 1987

Summary

Behavioral stressors, including swim stress and footshock, significantly increase sister chromatid exchange (SCE) levels in rats. This indicates a general stress response impacting genetic material, suggesting a cellular genetic basis for stress effects.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Stress Research

Background:

Behavioral stressors are known to induce physiological responses.
The impact of various stressors on genetic material, specifically sister chromatid exchange (SCE), requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if behavioral stressors generally induce sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in rats.
To explore the potential cellular genetic basis for the effects of stress.

Main Methods:

Rats were subjected to different behavioral stressors: swim stress, white noise, and continuous or intermittent inescapable footshock.
Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) levels were measured in exposed rats.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes

Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes

Published on: December 15, 2023

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Published on: July 15, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Published on: August 13, 2020

Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes

Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes

Published on: December 15, 2023

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Published on: July 15, 2025

Swim stress led to a doubling of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) levels in rats.

Qualitatively different stressors, including swim, white noise, and footshock, all induced SCEs to varying degrees.

Conclusions:

The induction of SCEs by diverse behavioral stressors demonstrates a general phenomenon of stress.
Stress may have a cellular genetic basis influencing its physiological effects.