Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
06:29

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

Published on: May 25, 2022

2.5K

Hydroxichloroquine for COVID-19 infection: Do we have a final word after one year?

Augusto Di Castelnuovo1, Simona Costanzo2, Alessandro Gialluisi2

  • 1Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy.

European Journal of Internal Medicine
|November 9, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hydroxychloroquine does not reduce mortality or worsening in COVID-19 patients. Further trials are needed to explore potential benefits in specific low-risk subgroups or with low dosages of hydroxychloroquine.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated rapid evaluation of potential treatments.
  • Hydroxychloroquine emerged as a drug of interest early in the pandemic.
  • Understanding the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association of hydroxychloroquine with mortality and clinical worsening in COVID-19 patients.
  • To determine if hydroxychloroquine offers any clinical benefit in COVID-19 treatment.
  • To identify potential subgroups or dosages where hydroxychloroquine might be effective.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
  • Inclusion of data from multiple clinical studies on hydroxychloroquine use in COVID-19.
  • Statistical analysis to assess treatment effects on mortality and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses show no association between hydroxychloroquine and decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients.
  • Hydroxychloroquine use was not linked to reduced clinical worsening in the studied COVID-19 patient population.
  • Current evidence does not support the general use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment.

Conclusions:

  • The current evidence does not support encouraging the use of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients.
  • Further large-scale, well-designed randomized clinical trials are warranted.
  • Investigating hydroxychloroquine in specific low-risk patient subgroups or at low dosages (≤ 400 mg/day) requires further research.

Keywords:
COVID-19HydroxychloroquineInfectious diseaseMortalitySARS-CoV-2

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

801
Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals08:31

Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals

Published on: September 20, 2021

3.5K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
1.1K
Time Course of Drug Effect01:14

Time Course of Drug Effect

The progression of a drug's impact can be analyzed by examining both the concentration-time course and the effect-time course. The concentration-time course is determined by the drug's half-life and is influenced by factors such as its pharmacokinetics, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The effect of the drug is often related to its concentration in the plasma and is calculated using the maximum drug effect and the plasma concentration that generates 50...
2.3K
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
9.7K
Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
394