Interference in Ion-Selective Electrodes Due to Proteins and Lipids

Area of Science:

• Clinical Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) are standard for clinical electrolyte analysis.
• Automated labs primarily use indirect ISE (iISE), while direct ISE (dISE) is common in blood gas and point-of-care testing.
• Both dISE and iISE are robust but can yield non-interchangeable results.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review interferences affecting dISE and iISE electrolyte measurements.
• To focus on discrepancies caused by abnormal sample protein and lipid content.
• To consolidate knowledge and explore potential solutions for these interferences.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on ISE interferences.
• Analysis of discrepancies between dISE and iISE methodologies.
• Synthesis of findings related to protein and lipid interferences.

Main Results:

• Discrepancies between dISE and iISE are frequently observed.
• Abnormal protein and lipid levels in samples are identified as common causes of interference.
• These interferences affect the two measurement principles differently.

Conclusions:

• Understanding interferences is critical for accurate electrolyte measurements.
• Addressing protein and lipid interferences is key to harmonizing dISE and iISE results.
• Further research into solutions for these interferences is warranted.