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Nosocomial Fungal Infections: Epidemiology, Infection Control, and Prevention

Geehan Suleyman1, George J Alangaden2

  • 1Infection Prevention and Control, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, CFP Suite 317, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|November 9, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Nosocomial fungal infections, particularly invasive candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis, significantly impact hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. This review covers epidemiology, emerging pathogens like Candida auris, and new diagnostic tests for better control.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Microbiology
  • Hospital Epidemiology

Background:

  • Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a major cause of illness and death in hospitals, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) fungal infections pose a significant clinical challenge.
  • Key pathogens include Candida species and Aspergillus species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in adult patients.
  • To focus on invasive candidiasis (IC) and invasive aspergillosis (IA).
  • To discuss emerging pathogens and recent advancements in diagnostics and guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current epidemiology.
  • Focus on specific fungal pathogens and associated conditions.
  • Discussion of nonculture-based diagnostic methods and recent guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Invasive candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis are significant nosocomial infections.
  • Candida auris is an emerging pathogen of concern.
  • COVID-19 is associated with increased IC and IA.
  • Newer nonculture-based tests offer improved identification.
  • Updated guidelines provide strategies for prevention and control.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections is crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Emerging pathogens and novel diagnostics require attention.
  • Adherence to updated guidelines is essential for infection control.
Keywords:
AspergillusCandidaFungal infectionNosocomial

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