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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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Published on: December 8, 2014

Isotretinoin-associated proctosigmoiditis.

P Martin, P N Manley, W T Depew

    Gastroenterology
    |September 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Isotretinoin, used for acne vulgaris, can cause acute proctosigmoiditis, a rectal inflammation. Symptoms resolved upon drug withdrawal and recurred with reintroduction, indicating a direct drug-related cause.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Dermatology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Isotretinoin is a common treatment for severe cystic acne vulgaris.
    • Gastrointestinal side effects of isotretinoin are rarely reported.

    Observation:

    • A 17-year-old male developed acute proctosigmoiditis with diarrhea, mucus, and blood.
    • Symptoms began shortly after initiating isotretinoin therapy for acne.

    Findings:

    • Sigmoidoscopy revealed patchy mucosal inflammation and aphthous ulcers in the rectosigmoid.
    • Histology showed acute focal superficial inflammatory infiltrate.
    • Symptoms and inflammation resolved upon isotretinoin withdrawal and recurred upon rechallenge.

    Implications:

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  • This case suggests a direct causal link between isotretinoin and drug-induced proctosigmoiditis.
  • Clinicians should consider proctosigmoiditis in patients on isotretinoin presenting with lower gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Further investigation into the pathogenesis of isotretinoin-induced colitis is warranted.