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Computer use in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

H M Schoolman, L M Bernstein

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |May 26, 1978
    PubMed
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    Computers enhance medical decision-making by organizing patient data and simulating expert reasoning. They are most effective in specific medical areas with clear data, aiding complex diagnoses.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Informatics
    • Clinical Decision Support Systems
    • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

    Background:

    • Physicians rely on extensive knowledge for diagnosis and treatment.
    • Information overload and cognitive limitations can impact clinical judgment.
    • Computers offer capabilities to manage and synthesize vast amounts of medical information.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the role of computers in influencing diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of computer-based tools in clinical settings.
    • To assess the potential of new reasoning models for complex medical problems.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of computer applications in organizing patient data.
    • Analysis of decision analysis and patient classification systems.

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  • Examination of synthetic reasoning models simulating expert clinical behavior.

    • Main Results:

    • Computer programs effectively extend physician memory and knowledge resources.
    • Systems excel in narrow medical domains with strong pathophysiologic understanding and laboratory data.
    • Synthetic reasoning models show promise for supporting decisions in multi-disease scenarios.

    Conclusions:

    • Computers serve as valuable extensions of physician capabilities in clinical decision-making.
    • The success of computer systems is contingent on the clarity and data-driven nature of the medical domain.
    • Challenges remain regarding consensus and authority of information used in all systems.