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Youth Athlete Development Models: A Narrative Review.

Mathew Varghese1, Sonia Ruparell2,3, Cynthia LaBella4,5

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.

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Summary

Current youth athlete development models offer guidance but lack empirical support. More research is needed to determine the optimal approach for young athletes

Keywords:
athlete developmentlong term athlete developmentpediatric athletesports advocacyyouth sports participation

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Pediatric Sports Medicine
  • Youth Development

Background:

  • Physical activity is crucial for youth physical and mental health.
  • Youth sports are increasingly shifting from recreation to elite pathways.
  • Various athlete development models exist for age-appropriate guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence and theoretical models of youth athlete development.
  • To discuss broader sports participation initiatives and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a narrative review of electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, etc.).
  • Included articles published between 1993 and 2021.
  • Utilized keywords such as 'long term athlete development' and 'youth physical development'.

Main Results:

  • Several youth athlete development models were identified and discussed.
  • Recent models incorporate more age- and development-specific recommendations.
  • No single model is established as the gold standard due to limited empirical data.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple theoretical models can guide youth athlete training for performance.
  • Stakeholders should understand and adapt models based on individual athlete needs.
  • Further empirical data is essential to define the optimal youth athlete development approach.