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Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

4.8K
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
6.0K
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

49.7K
Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
49.7K
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

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A stone in the bone.

Matthieu Halfon1, Pierre Cochat2, Sebastien Kissling1

  • 1Service of Nephrology Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland.

JIMD Reports
|November 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare genetic disorder affecting oxalate metabolism. This case highlights bone oxalosis and hypercalcemia in a dialyzed patient, underscoring diagnostic challenges.

Keywords:
bonechronic kidney diseasehypercalcemiaoxalateoxalosisprimary hyperoxaluria

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Genetics
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) comprises genetic disorders of oxalate metabolism.
  • Three types exist, with PH1 being most common (80%), PH2 and PH3 rarer.
  • Renal involvement severity differs, impacting progression to end-stage kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an unusual case of bone oxalosis with hypercalcemia in a patient undergoing dialysis.
  • To emphasize diagnostic difficulties in primary hyperoxaluria.
  • To highlight treatment challenges in dialyzed PH patients.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a dialyzed patient.
  • Review of clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management.
  • Discussion of oxalate metabolism and systemic oxalosis in chronic kidney disease.

Main Results:

  • An uncommon presentation of bone oxalosis and hypercalcemia was observed.
  • Impaired oxalate clearance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) led to systemic oxalosis.
  • The patient required dialysis due to advanced renal disease.

Conclusions:

  • Primary hyperoxaluria diagnosis can be challenging, especially in advanced CKD.
  • Managing hypercalcemia and bone oxalosis in dialyzed PH patients presents significant difficulties.
  • Early diagnosis and tailored management are crucial for improving outcomes in PH.