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This study experimentally validates quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange in quantum-correlated systems. It confirms thermodynamic relations for quantum correlations and coherence, advancing nonequilibrium quantum physics.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics
  • Quantum Information

Background:

  • Fluctuation theorems extend the second law of thermodynamics to small systems far from equilibrium.
  • Existing experimental tests of quantum fluctuation relations neglect quantum correlations and coherence.
  • Quantum correlations and coherence are key properties in quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally test detailed and integral fully quantum fluctuation theorems.
  • To investigate heat exchange in quantum-correlated thermal spin systems.
  • To analyze the thermodynamic cost of creating quantum correlations and coherence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel dynamic Bayesian network approach.
  • Employed a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) setup.
  • Experimentally tested quantum fluctuation relations for two quantum-correlated spins-1/2.

Main Results:

  • Successfully verified individual integral fluctuation relations for quantum correlations and coherence.
  • Confirmed relations for the sum of all quantum contributions.
  • Investigated the thermodynamic cost associated with generating quantum correlations and coherence.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the validity of fully quantum fluctuation theorems in a realistic experimental setting.
  • Provided experimental evidence for the thermodynamic significance of quantum correlations and coherence.
  • Opened new avenues for exploring thermodynamics in quantum systems beyond classical limits.