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Analysis of Cell Differentiation, Morphogenesis, and Patterning During Chicken Embryogenesis Using the Soaked-Bead Assay
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Programming of Embryonic Development.

Carl R Dahlen1, Pawel P Borowicz1, Alison K Ward1

  • 1Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and nutrition impact early development through epigenetics. These changes can lead to long-term health issues in offspring, a concept known as developmental programming.

Keywords:
assisted reproductive techniquesdevelopmental programmingearly pregnancyepigeneticsmaternal nutritionreproductive function

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and parental nutrition significantly influence embryonic, fetal, and placental development.
  • These effects are mediated by epigenetic modifications, altering gene expression and potentially leading to long-term health consequences in offspring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of developmental programming and its link to epigenetics.
  • To discuss how ART and parental nutrition can cause early epigenetic alterations.
  • To explore strategies for mitigating negative and enhancing positive developmental programming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on developmental programming, epigenetics, ART, and nutrition.
  • Analysis of evidence linking periconceptual factors to epigenetic changes.
  • Discussion of current research on intervention strategies.

Main Results:

  • ART and parental nutrition can induce epigenetic changes during early pregnancy.
  • These epigenetic alterations can program offspring development, affecting organ function and increasing non-communicable disease risk.
  • Pregnancy outcomes are influenced by maternal and paternal signals impacting developmental programming.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental programming, influenced by ART and nutrition via epigenetics, poses significant health risks for offspring.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to improve long-term health outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to optimize interventions for developmental programming.