Livestock models of maternal nutrition and developmental programming
Rebecca M Swanson1, Bethania J Davila Ruiz2, Jennifer L Hurlbert2
1Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State Universityhttps://ror.org/015jmes13, Brookings, USA.
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy significantly impacts offspring health and productivity through developmental programming. Livestock models reveal how nutrition influences fetal development, with potential long-term and transgenerational health effects.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Nutritional Science
- Animal Science
- Reproductive Biology
Background:
- Developmental programming, with potential transgenerational effects, is a key biological principle and biomedical concern.
- Livestock models are crucial for understanding developmental programming, offering insights for both agriculture and biomedicine.
- Livestock research contributes to agricultural sustainability, food security, and human livelihood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the influence of maternal nutrition in livestock models on offspring developmental outcomes.
- To explore how maternal nutritional interventions affect placental function, fetal development, and postnatal health.
- To examine the mechanisms underlying developmental programming, including genetic, epigenetic, and transgenerational aspects.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on maternal nutrition in livestock models.
- Analysis of studies examining global nutrient intake (over- and under-nutrition) and specific nutrient supplementation.
- Focus on effects on placental function, fetal metabolic tissues, genetics, epigenetics, and parturition.
Main Results:
- Maternal nutrition profoundly influences placental function and the development of key fetal tissues (visceral, skeletal muscle, immune system).
- Nutritional interventions can impact fetal gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and potentially lead to transgenerational programming.
- Maternal diet affects parturition and the overall health and productivity trajectory of the offspring.
Conclusions:
- Maternal nutrition is a critical determinant of developmental programming in livestock, with significant implications for offspring health and productivity.
- Understanding these mechanisms in livestock provides valuable insights for human health and agricultural applications.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the gaps in knowledge and refine future research directions in developmental programming.
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