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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Establishment of Hepatocarcinoma in BALB/c-nu Mice and Investigation of the Therapeutic Effect of the Sanleng Jiashen Formula
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Antitumor Effects of Selenium.

Seung Jo Kim1, Min Chul Choi2, Jong Min Park3

  • 1Sangkyungwon Integrate Medical Caner Hospital, Yeoju 12616, Gyeonggido, Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Selenium compounds, particularly sodium selenite, show promise in enhancing cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy. High doses are tolerated by advanced cancer patients, potentially increasing treatment efficacy and reducing side effects.

Keywords:
ROSapoptosismetastasisselenium compoundstreatment of advanced cancer patients

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Selenium exhibits diverse biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.
  • Selenium metabolites, such as hydrogen selenide and methylselenol, are involved in redox mechanisms and can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • Selenite interacts with glutathione, leading to cytotoxic effects like apoptosis, ROS generation, and DNA damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of high-dose sodium selenite in combination with conventional cancer therapies.
  • To evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of sodium selenite in advanced cancer patients undergoing radiation and chemotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observation of advanced cancer patients receiving high-dose sodium selenite concurrently with radiation and chemotherapy.
  • Assessment of patient tolerance to doses up to 5000 μg of sodium selenite.
  • Exploration of selenium's potential accumulation in cancer cells.

Main Results:

  • High doses of sodium selenite were found to be tolerable in advanced cancer patients.
  • Sodium selenite demonstrated potential in enhancing the effectiveness of radiation and chemotherapy.
  • The study suggests that selenium may accumulate preferentially in cancer cells, contributing to their toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • High-dose sodium selenite can be safely administered in combination with radiation and chemotherapy for advanced cancer patients.
  • Selenium supplementation may represent a valuable strategy to improve outcomes in cancer treatment.
  • Further clinical research is warranted to fully elucidate the role of high-dose sodium selenite in oncology.