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Fibroblast Differentiation and Matrix Remodeling Impaired under Simulated Microgravity in 3D Cell Culture Model.

Jiranuwat Sapudom1, Mei ElGindi1, Marc Arnoux2

  • 1Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates.

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Microgravity impairs fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, crucial for wound healing. This study shows reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and extracellular matrix production in simulated microgravity.

Keywords:
3D cell culturefibroblast differentiationmatrix remodelingmicrogravitytissue repair

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Area of Science:

  • Space biology
  • Cell biology
  • Wound healing research

Background:

  • Microgravity poses health risks to astronauts.
  • Fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts is key for wound repair.
  • The impact of microgravity on this process is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of simulated microgravity (sµG) on fibroblast differentiation.
  • To analyze extracellular matrix production and remodeling under sµG.
  • To explore transcriptomic changes in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts exposed to sµG.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized collagen-based 3D matrices to simulate interstitial tissue.
  • Studied fibroblast differentiation under simulated microgravity (sµG) and 1g control.
  • Performed RNA sequencing for transcriptomic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Simulated microgravity reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression and Smad2/3 nuclear translocation.
  • Extracellular matrix production and remodeling were decreased under sµG.
  • Transcriptomic analysis revealed sµG impacts myofibroblast gene expression and pathways linked to impaired differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts is impaired under simulated microgravity.
  • Matrix production and remodeling are compromised in sµG conditions.
  • Transcriptomic changes highlight mechanisms underlying impaired wound healing in microgravity.