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Related Concept Videos

Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength01:12

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The rebound hammer test, also known as the Schmidt hammer test, is a non-destructive technique for evaluating the hardness of concrete and, indirectly, the strength of concrete. It operates on the principle that the rebound of a spring-driven mass from a concrete surface correlates to the surface's hardness. The device comprises a mass within a tubular housing, a spring mechanism, and a plunger that strikes the concrete. Upon release, the energy imparted to the mass by the spring causes it...
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Development of Low-Frequency Phased Array for Imaging Defects in Concrete Structures.

Yoshikazu Ohara1, Kosuke Kikuchi1, Toshihiro Tsuji1

  • 1Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-02, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 13, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a low-frequency (LF) ultrasonic phased array (PA) transducer for inspecting concrete structures. The new LF PA transducer effectively visualized crack-type defects, outperforming higher frequency transducers.

Keywords:
concretecrack-type defectdelaminationlow-frequency phased arrayultrasonic imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Non-Destructive Testing

Background:

  • Nondestructive inspection (NDI) is crucial for aging concrete infrastructure safety.
  • Conventional ultrasonic NDI at tens of kHz is limited in detecting crack-type defects.
  • Higher frequencies improve crack detection but suffer from scattering attenuation in concrete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-frequency (LF) ultrasonic phased array (PA) transducer for enhanced imaging of crack-type defects in concrete.
  • To improve the sensitivity and resolution of ultrasonic NDI for concrete structures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 32-element LF array transducer with a center frequency of 350 kHz using soft lead zirconate titanate (soft PZT).
  • Optimization of piezoelectric element geometry using finite element method (FEM) for short pulse generation.
  • Validation of the LF PA transducer on concrete specimens with simulated delamination and crack-type defects (slits).

Main Results:

  • The LF PA transducer successfully visualized delamination, which was not detectable with a 2.5 MHz PA transducer.
  • A 1 mm wide and 40 mm high slit, simulating a crack, was clearly imaged using the LF PA transducer.
  • Demonstrated superior performance of the LF PA transducer for crack-type defect detection in concrete.

Conclusions:

  • The developed LF ultrasonic phased array transducer is highly effective for detecting crack-type defects in concrete.
  • This technology enhances the NDI capabilities for critical infrastructure assessment.
  • The study highlights the potential of LF ultrasonic PA for improved concrete structural health monitoring.