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Related Concept Videos

Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

978
Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
978
Op Amp AC Circuits01:18

Op Amp AC Circuits

293
Within an audio system, the filter circuit plays a pivotal role in processing the amplified audio signal from an amplifier. Its primary function is significantly attenuating signal components with lower frequencies, thereby shaping the audio output. This circuit's operations are examined, focusing on the fundamental filter configuration. This configuration involves an operational amplifier arranged in an inverting setup coupled with resistors (R1 and R2) and a capacitor (C1).
293
Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

669
Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff...
669
Second-order Op Amp Circuits01:19

Second-order Op Amp Circuits

454
Implementing second-order low-pass filters in audio systems is crucial in refining audio signals by eliminating undesirable high-frequency noise. These filters typically involve second-order op-amp circuits configured as voltage followers, encompassing two nodes with distinct storage elements.
The analysis of such circuits follows a systematic approach, similar to the second-order RLC circuits. In practical scenarios, bulky inductors are rarely employed due to their size and weight. This means...
454
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

1.0K
In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
1.0K
First-Order Circuits01:15

First-Order Circuits

2.4K
First-order electrical circuits, which comprise resistors and a single energy storage element - either a capacitor or an inductor, are fundamental to many electronic systems. These circuits are governed by a first-order differential equation that describes the relationship between input and output signals.
One common example of a first-order circuit is the RC (resistor-capacitor) circuit. These circuits are used in relaxation oscillators such as neon lamp oscillator circuits. When voltage is...
2.4K

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Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters
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Single Commercially Available IC-Based Electronically Controllable Voltage-Mode First-Order Multifunction Filter with

Winai Jaikla1, Unchittha Buakhong1, Surapong Siripongdee1

  • 1Department of Engineering Education, School of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.

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Summary

This study introduces a versatile, low-component-count first-order filter using the LT1228 IC. The electronic filter design achieves multiple responses (LP, HP, AP) with digitally controllable frequency and phase, ideal for analog circuit applications.

Keywords:
LT1228active building blockelectronic controlfirst-order circuitmultifunction filterphase shifted circuitvoltage-mode

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Area of Science:

  • Electronics
  • Analog Signal Processing
  • Circuit Design

Background:

  • Traditional filter circuits often require numerous components and complex tuning.
  • Achieving multifunctionality and electronic control in simple filter designs presents a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement a simple, voltage-mode, first-order filter with multifunction capabilities.
  • To demonstrate electronic control over pole frequency and phase response using bias current.
  • To enable independent control of gain for low-pass and high-pass functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a single LT1228 integrated circuit, two resistors, and one capacitor for the filter design.
  • Employed bias current (I) for electronic control of pole frequency and phase response.
  • Investigated parasitic effects on filter performance through analysis, simulation, and experimentation.
  • Demonstrated filter responses including low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP), inverting all-pass (AP-), and non-inverting all-pass (AP+).

Main Results:

  • The proposed filter successfully achieved four distinct filter responses (LP, HP, AP-, AP+) in a single configuration.
  • Electronic control of pole frequency and phase response was achieved via bias current adjustment.
  • Pass-band voltage gain for LP and HP functions was independently controllable by resistor values.
  • Experimental results validated the filter's performance, showing phase shifts from 180 to 0 degrees (AP+) and 0 to -180 degrees (AP-) across a wide frequency range.
  • A quadrature oscillator application was successfully designed using the proposed filter.

Conclusions:

  • The designed first-order filter offers a simple, versatile, and electronically controllable solution for analog signal processing.
  • The use of LT1228 IC simplifies implementation and facilitates laboratory verification.
  • The filter's multifunctionality and independent control features make it suitable for various analog circuit applications, including oscillator design.