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Sum and Difference OpAmps01:22

Sum and Difference OpAmps

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Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile devices that extend beyond amplification. In this context, two specific op-amp configurations are explored: the summing and difference amplifiers.
A summing amplifier, or an adder, utilizes an op-amp to merge multiple input signals into a single output signal. When audio signals are introduced into its input channels, the input resistors initiate currents that traverse feedback resistors, resulting in an output voltage. Applying Kirchhoff's...
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Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers01:23

Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers

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In small-signal analysis, a MOSFET transistor amplifier acts as a linear amplifier when operating in its saturation region. The gate-to-source voltage (VGS) of the MOSFET is the sum of the DC biasing voltage and the small time-varying input signal. This combination sets up the operating point and modulates the drain current (ID) that flows from the drain to the source. When a small AC signal is superimposed on the DC bias voltage at the gate, the instantaneous drain current comprises three...
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MOSFET Amplifiers01:17

MOSFET Amplifiers

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The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...
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Operational Amplifiers01:17

Operational Amplifiers

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The operational amplifier, often referred to as an op-amp, is a multifaceted building block of a circuit. This electronic component functions like a voltage-controlled voltage source and can also be used to create a voltage- or current-controlled current source. The design of an operational amplifier enables it to execute mathematical operations when external components like resistors and capacitors are linked to its terminals. An op-amp has the capacity to sum signals, amplify a signal,...
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Cascaded Op Amps01:16

Cascaded Op Amps

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Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
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Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps01:20

Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps

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In an inverting amplifier, the input voltage is connected through a resistor to the inverting terminal. Meanwhile, the non-inverting terminal is grounded and a feedback resistor is established between the inverting and output terminal, as depicted in Figure 1.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

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1 V Electronically Tunable Differential Difference Current Conveyors Using Multiple-Input Operational

Montree Kumngern1, Fabian Khateb2,3,4, Tomasz Kulej5

  • 1Department of Telecommunications Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces electronically tunable current conveyors using low-power, multiple-input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTAs). These novel circuits offer controllable current gains and are validated through simulations and experimental measurements.

Keywords:
current-mode universal filterdifferential difference current conveyor (DDCC)operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)second-generation current conveyor (CCII)voltage-to-current converter

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Area of Science:

  • Electronics
  • Analog Integrated Circuits
  • Semiconductor Devices

Background:

  • Operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) are fundamental building blocks in analog circuit design.
  • Existing current conveyor designs often face limitations in tunability, power consumption, and input range.
  • The development of low-voltage, low-power, and high-performance analog circuits is crucial for modern electronic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present novel electronically tunable current conveyors based on multiple-input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTAs).
  • To demonstrate the realization of electronically tunable differential difference current conveyors (EDDCC) and second-generation electronically tunable current conveyors (ECCII).
  • To showcase the application of the proposed EDDCC in voltage-to-current converters and current-mode universal filters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the multiple-input bulk-driven Metal Oxide Semiconductor transistor (MIBD-MOST) technique for MI-OTA realization to minimize power consumption.
  • Designing and simulating the proposed current conveyors and their applications using Cadence with 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS technology.
  • Conducting experimental validation of the EDDCC using a breadboard and a commercially available LM13700 device.

Main Results:

  • Achieved electronically tunable current conveyors with controllable current gains by adjusting the transconductance ratio.
  • Demonstrated low-power operation (90 μW) with a low power supply (±0.5 V).
  • Confirmed the functionality of the proposed EDDCC and its application in a universal filter through simulation and experimental results.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed MI-OTA-based current conveyors offer high performance, including electronic tunability and low power consumption.
  • The developed EDDCC and ECCII provide advantages over conventional designs due to their controllable current gains.
  • The successful implementation and application of the EDDCC validate its effectiveness in analog signal processing.