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This study introduces a novel resistorless current-mode shadow filter using current-controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs). This electronic filter offers versatile functions and tunable characteristics without component matching, simplifying circuit design.

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Area of Science:

  • Electronics
  • Analog Signal Processing
  • Integrated Circuit Design

Background:

  • Traditional filters often require resistors and component matching, limiting tunability and integration.
  • Current-controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) offer advantages like electronic gain control and cascadability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel current-mode shadow filter topology utilizing CCCIIs.
  • To demonstrate resistorless design with electronic tunability for various filter functions.
  • To achieve a universal filter topology without component matching requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a current-mode shadow filter architecture based on CCCIIs.
  • Implementation of low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass filter functions within a single topology.
  • SPICE simulations using specific bipolar transistor models (NR100N, PR100N).
  • Experimental verification using commercially available transistors (2N3904, 2N3906) and a ±2.5 V supply.

Main Results:

  • The proposed CCCII-based filters are resistorless and achieve electronic tuning of natural frequency and quality factor via current gains.
  • All five filtering functions are realized in the same circuit topology without component matching.
  • Simulation and experimental results confirm the theoretical performance and feasibility of the designed filters.

Conclusions:

  • The novel CCCII-based current-mode shadow filter offers a simplified, electronically tunable, and versatile solution for analog signal processing.
  • The resistorless design and universal filter capability make it suitable for integrated circuit applications.
  • Experimental validation confirms the practical applicability of the proposed filter design.